After a blow to the head, a person has headache, nausea or feels dazed. It is tempting to call every symptom “just a concussion.” A concussion is a disturbance of brain function after an impact, but some signs also raise concern for a more serious head or neck injury. The distinction is about what action is needed, not making a diagnosis at home.
A warning sign does not prove that there is no concussion. A concussion and another injury can occur together. The CDC HEADS UP danger-sign guidance lists situations in which emergency assessment is needed.
Which signs require urgent action?
- Repeated vomiting, worsening or unusually severe headache, seizure, increasing confusion or difficulty waking the person.
- New weakness or numbness, trouble speaking, marked lack of coordination, or new double vision.
- Unequal pupils, a noticeable change in behaviour, or loss of consciousness with an abnormal recovery.
If any of these signs appear, seek emergency medical help. In Switzerland call 144. Do not leave the person to drive themselves. After a significant neck injury or neurological signs, minimise unnecessary movement and follow the emergency team’s instructions.
What symptoms can fit a concussion?
Headache, dizziness, nausea, light sensitivity, slower thinking, tiredness and sleep changes can occur with concussion. The person should be removed from play immediately after a suspected sport-related concussion and assessed by a qualified professional. The Amsterdam sport-concussion consensus supports a structured assessment and stepwise return to activity, with medical clearance before contact sport where required.
A single episode of nausea is not the same as repeated vomiting, but symptoms can evolve during the hours after impact. New or worsening symptoms should be reassessed. The article on brain physiology after concussion explains why ordinary activities can feel harder.
What happens after urgent problems have been excluded?
A clinical assessment can identify concussion symptoms and consider neck, eye-movement and balance problems. Advice on relative rest and a gradual return to school, work and sport should fit the person’s age and situation. Concussion physiotherapy assessment in Basel explains what can be evaluated and treated after the acute phase.
Uncertainty about a potentially serious sign is itself a reason to get prompt medical advice. The emergency check comes before a rehabilitation appointment. For ongoing symptoms after appropriate medical assessment, see concussion care in Basel.
Frequently asked questions
Does repeated vomiting mean it cannot be a concussion?
No. Repeated vomiting is an emergency warning sign after a head injury; concussion can coexist with another serious injury. Seek urgent assessment.
Is new double vision after a blow to the head normal?
No. New double vision calls for urgent medical assessment, particularly when accompanied by other neurological symptoms.
Can someone have a concussion without passing out?
Yes. Loss of consciousness is not required. Remove the person from sport and arrange a clinical assessment if concussion is suspected.
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